Erection is the scientific term for that state of the penile when the two Corpora Cavernosa (two tubular muscles) are filled with blood.
This means that the penile hardens and grows in length to accommodate the extra blood.
Penile erection is usually the result of sexual stimulation, but is also known to occur spontaneously, most commonly at night, during erotic dreams.
What is penile erection caused by?
Erection in males can be caused by mechanical stimulation, or by the pressure of the bladder, when full. The exact cause of spontaneous erections is not known. The erection is crucial to sexual intercourse and most other sexual activities for males.
From the physiological point of view, erection is caused by an increased flow of blood to the penile and by a strong decrease in the outflow. Muscles around the penile relax in order to allow the blood into the Corpora Cavernosa and Corpus Spongiosus, while contraction of other muscles reduces the outflow. As the tubular structures fill with blood, the penile expands in both length and girth. It also stiffens and rises to a certain angle (which varies from one man to another). A less known fact is that erections can occur even after death, due to increased pressure in the penile from sinking fluids or the accumulation of gases.
Who is actually responsible for activating the penile erection?
The sympathetic nervous system is actually responsible for activating the erections. This system interferes with the signals sent by the parasympathetic nervous system, which is also responsible for the failure to achieve erection under conditions of stress.
Penile erection problems
The inability to achieve or maintain erection is known as impotence, or erectile dysfunction. Erection problems, commonly known as erectile dysfunction or impotence refers to a man's inability to achieve satisfactory erections suitable for sexual intercourse. This is common to about 25% of the male population. Men who are experiencing repeated impotence tend to be middle aged men, mostly common at the age of 60. The problem may derive from a variety of causes, but aging is the most remarkable factor in erectile dysfunction associated to the decrease in male hormones. For about 20% of sufferers the problem is psychological. While one third is due to physically related diseases and the remainder is the combination of both causes.
How to improve penile erection?
One of the main principles of erection therapy is to improve circulation of the penile and to increase the volume of blood held within the erectile tissue. It is the erectile tissue that engorges with blood when sexually aroused resulting in an erection.
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